The transfer, however, excludes individuals in receipt of other social cash transfers and no additional payments have been offered to beneficiaries of the main social assistance scheme, the Human Development Transfer ( Bono de Desarrollo Humano). The main policy implemented by the Ecuadorian government is the health emergency Family Protection Grant ( Bono de Protección Familiar), which offers a US$120 transfer to low-income families. The coverage and generosity of the emergency measures vary widely across countries. The projected drop in GDP growth is close to the regional average, representing a 9% contraction.Īs a response to the crisis, governments in Latin America have implemented a variety of social protection measures such as cash and in-kind transfers, provision of basic services, and tax reliefs. The economic cost of the crisis is also likely to be large in Ecuador, as oil prices (the country’s main source of revenue) were already low prior to the pandemic and plummeted as a result of the crisis. As of 17 January 2021, Ecuador has reported 230,808 cases and a total number of 14,316 deaths due to the virus, making it one of the countries with the largest number of deaths per million people in Latin America and one with the largest case-fatality rates in the world (WHO 2020). Ecuador is among the countries in the region that has been the most severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. ( 2020), who use online surveys of 17 countries in the region and show that around 45% of respondents have a household member who lost their job during April 2020. The severity of the initial economic shock of the pandemic in Latin America has been documented by Bottan et al. The COVID-19 outbreak is therefore reinforcing inequalities, and the depth of this effect is likely to be more severe in already highly unequal societies such as in Latin America.Īccording to estimates from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (ECLAC 2020) a contraction of − 9.1% of GDP and an increase of 5.4 percentage points (pp) in unemployment is expected by the end of 2020 in Latin America. In addition to the devasting public health emergency worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an international crisis which is likely to affect vulnerable population groups more than others as a result of the effects of lockdown and social distancing policies in the short term and the negative effect on employment and earnings in the long term. s sans protection en raison de l'absence d’allocation de revenu en cas de chômage.Les travailleurs et travailleuses informel Cependant, de façon générale, les politiques d’impôts et des prestations en font peu pour atténuer les pertes de revenus des ménages en raison de la pandémie.
DUE TO AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS WHEN INCOME RISES PLUS
La nouvelle allocation de protection familiale offre une assurance de protection des revenus aux 10% des ménages les plus pauvres.
En moyenne, le revenu disponible des ménages baisse de 41%. Le taux national de pauvreté passe de 25,7% à 58,2%, le taux d'extrême pauvreté de 9,2% à 38,6% et le coefficient de Gini de 0,461 à 0,592. Nos résultats montrent une hausse spectaculaire de la pauvreté monétaire et des inégalités entre décembre 2019 et juin 2020, période durant laquelle l'économie a été le plus durement touchée. En combinant les données d'enquêtes auprès des ménages avant et pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 avec des simulations détaillées d’impôts et de prestations, cet article quantifie les effets distributifs de la COVID-19 en Équateur et le rôle que jouent les politiques d’impôts et des prestations pour atténuer l'impact immédiat des chocs économiques.
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